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Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Previous studies have analyzed the associations between the circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but no consistent...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have analyzed the associations between the circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but no consistent conclusions have been reached. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether plasma SFAs were in correlation with GDM risks in our in-house women cross-sectional study and to better define their associations on the clinical evidence available to date by a dose-response meta-analysis.
METHODS
We carried out a cross-sectional study of 807 pregnant women in 2018-2019 (Shanghai, China). GDM was defined according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG). Gas chromatography was used to determine the plasma fatty acids (FAs) in the 24-28 gestational weeks. The SFAs levels of non-GDM and GDM participants were compared by Mann-Whitney test, and the association between SFAs and GDM was explored by multivariate logistic models. Further, the potential diagnostic value of plasma SFAs was evaluated using the method of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. For meta-analysis, five databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2022, and we included 25 relevant studies for calculating pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CI to describe the differences in SFAs profiles between non-GDM and GDM women. Study-specific, multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CI were also pooled using a fixed-effect model or random-effects model according to the heterogeneity to evaluate the associations between circulating SFAs and GDM prevalence.
RESULTS
In our cross-sectional study, we found plasma proportion of palmitic acid (C16:0) was positively associated (aOR: 1.10 per 1% increase; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17), while plasma stearic acid (C18:0) (aOR: 0.76 per 1% increase; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.89), arachidic acid (C20:0) (aOR: 0.92 per 0.1% increase; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.97), behenic acid (C22:0) (aOR: 0.94 per 0.1% increase; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97), and lignoceric acid (C24:0) (aOR: 0.94 per 0.1% increase; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97) were inversely associated with GDM. The area under the receiver operative characteristic curve increased from 0.7503 (the basic diagnostic model) to 0.8178 ( = 0.002) after adding total very-long-chain SFAs (VLcSFAs). A meta-analysis from 25 studies showed the circulating levels of three individual SFAs of GDM women were different from those of normal pregnant women. The summarized ORs for GDM was 1.593 (95% CI: 1.125, 2.255, = 0.009), 0.652 (95% CI: 0.472, 0.901, = 0.010) and 0.613 (95% CI: 0.449, 0.838, = 0.002), respectively, comparing the highest vs. lowest quantile of the concentrations of C16:0, C22:0, and C24:0.
CONCLUSION
Our results, combined with the findings from meta-analysis, showed that women with GDM had a particular circulating SFA profile, characterized by higher levels of palmitic acid, and lower levels of VLcSFAs. Alterations in the chain lengths of blood SFA profile were shown to be associated with the occurrence of GDM.
PubMed: 35978962
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.903689 -
Nutrients Apr 2023The association between circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) including very long-chain SFAs (VLCSFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has not been clearly...
The association between circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) including very long-chain SFAs (VLCSFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has not been clearly established. To investigate the association between serum SFAs and CRC risk in Chinese population, 680 CRC cases and 680 sex and age-matched (5-year interval) controls were recruited in our study. Serum levels of SFAs were detected by gas chromatography. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between serum SFAs and CRC risk. Results showed that total SFAs were positively associated with the risk of CRC (adjusted OR = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.47-4.74). However, VLCSFAs were inversely associated with CRC risk (adjusted OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.36-0.72). Specifically, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and arachidic acid were positively associated with CRC risk, while behenic acid and lignoceric acid were inversely associated with CRC risk. This study indicates that higher levels of total serum SFAs and lower levels of serum VLCSFAs were associated with an increased risk of CRC in Chinese population. To reduce the risk of CRC, we recommend reducing the intake of foods containing palmitic acid and heptadecanoic acid such as animal products and dairy products, and moderately increasing the intake of foods containing VLCSFAs such as peanuts and canola oil.
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; East Asian People; Prospective Studies; Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acid; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37111137
DOI: 10.3390/nu15081917 -
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry :... 2013Accumulating evidence has suggested that free fatty acids (FFAs) interact with protein kinases and protein phosphatases. The present study examined the effect of FFAs on...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Accumulating evidence has suggested that free fatty acids (FFAs) interact with protein kinases and protein phosphatases. The present study examined the effect of FFAs on protein phosphatases and Akt.
METHODS
Activities of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) were assayed under the cell-free conditions. Phosphorylation of Akt was monitored in MSTO-211H human malignant pleural mesothelioma cells without and with knocking-down phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) or 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1).
RESULTS
In the cell-free assay, unsaturated FFAs (uFFAs) such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid and saturated FFAs (sFFAs) such as stearic, palmitic, myristic, and behenic acid markedly reduced PTP1B activity, with the potential for uFFAs greater than that for sFFAs. All the investigated sFFAs inhibited PP2A activity, but otherwise no inhibition was obtained with uFFAs. Both uFFAs and sFFAs had no effect on PP1 activity. Oleic acid phosphorylated Akt both on Thr308 and Ser473, while stearic acid phosphorylated Akt on Thr308 alone. The effects of oleic and stearic acid on Akt phosphorylation were abrogated by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin or the PDK1 inhibitor BX912 and also by knocking-down PI3K or PDK1.
CONCLUSION
The results of the present study indicate that uFFAs and sFFAs could activate Akt through a pathway along a PI3K/PDK1/Akt axis in association with PTP1B inhibition.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Enzyme Activation; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Palmitic Acid; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; RNA, Small Interfering; Stearic Acids; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 24107614
DOI: 10.1159/000354489 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022In the present study, the inhibitory potential of 14 Trichoderma strains (isolated from Asarum rhizosphere) was investigated against using the plate dilution method....
In the present study, the inhibitory potential of 14 Trichoderma strains (isolated from Asarum rhizosphere) was investigated against using the plate dilution method. The activity of antioxidant enzymes viz; catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in treated with the two Trichoderma strains was also evaluated. Untargeted metabolomic analysis by using LC/MS analysis was carried out to determine differential metabolites in (A26) and (B30) groups. Moreover, transcriptome analysis of during the inhibition of by B30, and A26 compared with the control (CK) was performed. Results indicated that inhibition rates of B30, and A26 were highest compared to other strains. Similarly, non-volatile metabolites extracted from the B30 strain showed a 100% inhibition of . The activity of CAT, SOD, and POD decreased after treatment with A26 and B30 strains while increasing MDA content of . Antifungal activity of differential metabolites like abamectin, eplerenone, behenic acid, lauric acid, josamycin, erythromycin, and minocycline exhibited the highest inhibition of . Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were involved in many metabolic pathways which subsequently contributed toward antifungal activity of Trichoderma. These findings suggested that both Trichoderma strains (B30 and A26) could be effectively used as biocontrol agents against Sclerotinia disease of Asarum.
PubMed: 36267168
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997050 -
Biosensors Aug 2021The composition and content of fatty acids are critical indicators to identify the quality of edible oils. This study was undertaken to establish a rapid determination...
The composition and content of fatty acids are critical indicators to identify the quality of edible oils. This study was undertaken to establish a rapid determination method for quality detection of edible oils based on quantitative analysis of palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, and behenic acid. Seven kinds of oils were measured to obtain Vis-NIR spectra. Multivariate methods combined with pretreatment methods were adopted to establish quantitative analysis models for the four fatty acids. The model of support vector machine (SVM) with standard normal variate (SNV) pretreatment showed the best predictive performance for the four fatty acids. For the palmitic acid, the determination coefficient of prediction (RP2) was 0.9504 and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.8181. For the stearic acid, RP2 and RMSEP were 0.9636 and 0.2965. In the prediction of arachidic acid, RP2 and RMSEP were 0.9576 and 0.0577. In the prediction of behenic acid, the RP2 and RMSEP were 0.9521 and 0.1486. Furthermore, the effective wavelengths selected by successive projections algorithm (SPA) were useful for establishing simplified prediction models. The results demonstrate that Vis-NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods can provide a rapid and accurate approach for fatty acids detection of edible oils.
Topics: Eicosanoic Acids; Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acids; Plant Oils; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Stearic Acids
PubMed: 34436063
DOI: 10.3390/bios11080261 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Apr 2017Low-calorie structured lipids (SLs) rich in behenic and oleic acids were produced by enzymatic (EI) and chemical interesterification (CI) of high oleic sunflower oil and...
Low-calorie structured lipids (SLs) rich in behenic and oleic acids were produced by enzymatic (EI) and chemical interesterification (CI) of high oleic sunflower oil and fully hydrogenated oil in proportions of 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 30:70 (w/w), respectively. The immobilized lipase from (Lipozyme TL IM) was used for 3 h at 70 °C at a dosage of 7% (w/w) free of organic solvents. The original blend (BE) and the reaction products were evaluated for their fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerols (TAG) compositions, solid fat contents, thermal analysis, regiospecific distribution of the FA, microstructure and polymorphism. The tendency was towards a reduction in the C, C, C, C and C TAG contents and an increase in the C, C e C TAG contents, therefore the solid fat content was reduced. There was lower acyl migration at the -2 position of the TAGs in EI as compared to CI in all the blends ratios. Needle-like crystals were predominant in the IE while large symmetrical spherulites were observed in the BE. Reduction in the mean crystal diameter was observed in all the blends, in addition to modifications of the crystal morphology. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a predominance of the β' form crystals in both the IE and CI. The SLs were produced for application in the food industry as bakery/confectionery fats in the proportions of 60:40/50:50 and as additive in the crystallization of lipids in the proportions of 40:60/30:70.
PubMed: 28416864
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2540-9 -
BMC Ophthalmology Mar 2021To compare plasma fatty acids (FAs) between participants with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and participants without neuropathy in an elderly population and to...
BACKGROUND
To compare plasma fatty acids (FAs) between participants with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and participants without neuropathy in an elderly population and to investigate specific FAs pattern in POAG.
METHODS
We conducted a population-based study in participants older than 75 years. Participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination with optic nerve photographs, visual field test and optic nerve OCT with RNFL thickness measurement. Glaucomatous status was defined according to the International Society for Epidemiologic and Geographical Ophthalmology classification. Lipids were extracted from plasma and FAs methylesters prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
Among the 1153 participants of the Montrachet study 810 were retained for analysis and 68 had POAG. The mean age was 82.11 ± 3.67. In multivariable analysis FAs levels were not different between POAG participants and controls (P = 0.078). A FAs pattern characterized by high negative weight of gamma-linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), Cis-7 hexadecenoic acid monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and high positive weight of eicosadienoic acid, docosatetraenoic acid, docosapentaenoic n-6, alpha linoleic acid PUFAs, eicosenoic acid MUFAs, margaric acid and behenic acid saturated FAs was positively associated with POAG. After adjustment for major confounders, individuals in the upper tertile of FAs pattern scores compared with those in the lower tertile were more likely to present POAG (OR = 3.09 [95% CI 1.29-7.40] P = 0.013).
CONCLUSIONS
We found no significant difference regarding isolated plasma FAs between participants with POAG and participants without neuropathy in elderly but specific FAs pattern might be associated with POAG.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Acids; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Visual Field Tests; Visual Fields
PubMed: 33757477
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01910-w -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Seahorse is a valuable marine-animal drug widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and which was first documented in the "Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu" during the Liang...
Seahorse is a valuable marine-animal drug widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and which was first documented in the "Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu" during the Liang Dynasty. (HK) is the most common seahorse species in the medicinal material market and is one of the genuine sources of medicinal seahorse documented in the Chinese pharmacopeia. It is mainly cultivated in the Shandong, Fujian, and Guangxi Provinces in China. However, pseudo-HK, represented by (HI) due to its similar appearance and traits, is often found in the market, compromising the safety and efficacy of clinical use. Currently, there is a lack of reliable methods for identifying these species based on their chemical composition. In this study, we employed, for the first time, a strategy combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fingerprints and chemical patterns in order to identify HK and HI; it is also the first metabolomic study to date of HI as to chemical components. The obtained results revealed remarkable similarities in the chemical fingerprints, while significant differences were also observed. By employing hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), based on the relative contents of their characteristic peaks, all 34 samples were successfully differentiated according to their species of origin, with samples from the same species forming distinct clusters. Moreover, nonadecanoic acid and behenic acid were exclusively detected in HK samples, further distinguishing them from HI samples. Additionally, the relative contents of lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, oleic acid, fenozan acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibited significant differences between HK and HI ( < 0.0001), as determined by an unpaired -test. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) identified seven components (DHA, EPA, n-hexadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid, octadecanoic acid, and margaric acid) with high discriminatory value (VIP value > 1). Thus, nonadecanoic acid, behenic acid, and these seven compounds can be utilized as chemical markers for distinguishing HK from HI. In conclusion, our study successfully developed a combined strategy of GC-MS fingerprinting and chemical pattern recognition for the identification of HK and HI, and we also discovered chemical markers that can directly differentiate between the two species. This study can provide a foundation for the authentication of Hippocampus and holds significant importance for the conservation of wild seahorse resources.
Topics: Animals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Myristic Acid; Smegmamorpha; China; Cluster Analysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Principal Component Analysis
PubMed: 38067553
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237824 -
Veterinary Medicine International 2021Fatty acids, especially omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are important for reproductive and cardiovascular health in animals. While monitoring fatty acids is...
Fatty acids, especially omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are important for reproductive and cardiovascular health in animals. While monitoring fatty acids is traditionally conducted using frozen blood fractions such as serum and plasma, advancements in analytical technology have developed a method of collecting microsamples of dried whole blood on Ahlstrom 226 grade filter paper that can provide information on long-term fatty acid status of animals. Blood samples were collected from five male pigs in both the traditional frozen method and on dried blood spot cards (DBS). The DBS samples were collected with untreated syringes and tubes, and approximately 320 L of blood was placed on each card with approximately 80 L per spot (4 spots). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two sample groups to each other using the Mann-Whitney -test and determine if DBS samples were similar to traditional whole blood samples. Of the 30 fatty acids and fatty acid groups with measurable concentrations, only four individual fatty acids, behenic acid, omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid, nervonic acid, and adrenic acid, had statistical differences. Most of these differences were minor and could be due to analytical errors or contamination. Comparisons between sample types found similar concentrations of key omega fatty acids and PUFAs and support the use of DBS collection as a less invasive method of blood collection and fatty acid analysis.
PubMed: 34497707
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6624751 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Sep 2017The objective of this work was to produce structured lipids (SLs) from olive oil (O), soybean oil (S), and fully hydrogenated crambe oil - FHCO (C) mixtures by enzymatic...
The objective of this work was to produce structured lipids (SLs) from olive oil (O), soybean oil (S), and fully hydrogenated crambe oil - FHCO (C) mixtures by enzymatic interesterification, comparing Lipozyme TL IM and Rhizopus sp. performances as catalysts, and to evaluate their physical and chemical modifications. Among other blends (OC 90:10 w/w and SC 90:10 w/w), OSC (45:45:10, w/w), presented the most nutritionally interesting amounts of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as behenic acid. Interesterification caused an increase in crystallization time and a decrease in the solid fat content in all blends. The fatty acid redistribution in the TAGs caused a change in thermal behavior, leading to a decrease in the onset and end temperatures during crystallization, which indicates that new TAGs were formed. Regarding regiospecificity, Lipozyme TL IM lipase acted randomly, while Rhizopus sp. lipase was specific for the sn-1,3 position. Therefore, it was possible to synthesize SLs presenting different physical and chemical properties, compared to the original OSC blend, containing behenic acid at the sn-1,3 position and unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position, by enzymatic interesterification catalyzed either by Lipozyme TL IM or by Rhizopus sp. lipases.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Crambe Plant; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Essential; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Lipids; Olive Oil; Rapeseed Oil; Soybean Oil
PubMed: 28784535
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.034